Step 3

- Added Persistence (boltdb storage)
- Added CLI
- Added PoW Validation

.gitignore

@@ -26,3 +26,5 @@ _testmain.go
 
 # And the binary
 blockchain-poc
+# And the database
+blockchain.db

block.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"log"
 	"math"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -33,3 +36,21 @@ func NewBlock(data string, prevBlockHash []byte) *Block {
 
 	return block
 }
+
+func (b *Block) Serialize() []byte {
+	var result bytes.Buffer
+	encoder := gob.NewEncoder(&result)
+	if err := encoder.Encode(b); err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	return result.Bytes()
+}
+
+func DeserializeBlock(d []byte) *Block {
+	var block Block
+	decoder := gob.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(d))
+	if err := decoder.Decode(&block); err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	return &block
+}

blockchain.go

@@ -1,11 +1,64 @@
 package main
 
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/boltdb/bolt"
+)
+
+var dbFile = "blockchain.db"
+
+const blocksBucket = "blocks"
+
 type Blockchain struct {
-	blocks []*Block
+	tip []byte
+	db  *bolt.DB
+}
+
+type BlockchainIterator struct {
+	currentHash []byte
+	db          *bolt.DB
 }
 
 func NewBlockchain() *Blockchain {
-	return &Blockchain{[]*Block{NewGenesisBlock()}}
+	var tip []byte
+	db, err := bolt.Open(dbFile, 0600, nil)
+
+	err = db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := tx.Bucket([]byte(blocksBucket))
+
+		if b == nil {
+			fmt.Println("No existing blockchain found. Creating a new one...")
+			genesis := NewGenesisBlock()
+
+			b, err := tx.CreateBucket([]byte(blocksBucket))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Panic(err)
+			}
+
+			err = b.Put(genesis.Hash, genesis.Serialize())
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Panic(err)
+			}
+
+			err = b.Put([]byte("1"), genesis.Hash)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Panic(err)
+			}
+			tip = genesis.Hash
+		} else {
+			tip = b.Get([]byte("1"))
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+
+	bc := Blockchain{tip, db}
+
+	return &bc
 }
 
 // NewGenesisBlock creates a new Genesis Block to start the blockchain
@@ -15,7 +68,54 @@ func NewGenesisBlock() *Block {
 
 // AddBlock adds a block to the blockchain
 func (bc *Blockchain) AddBlock(data string) {
-	prevBlock := bc.blocks[len(bc.blocks)-1]
+	var lastHash []byte
-	newBlock := NewBlock(data, prevBlock.Hash)
+
-	bc.blocks = append(bc.blocks, newBlock)
+	err := bc.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := tx.Bucket([]byte(blocksBucket))
+		lastHash = b.Get([]byte("1"))
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+
+	newBlock := NewBlock(data, lastHash)
+
+	err = bc.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		var err error
+		b := tx.Bucket([]byte(blocksBucket))
+		if err = b.Put(newBlock.Hash, newBlock.Serialize()); err != nil {
+			log.Panic(err)
+		}
+		if err = b.Put([]byte("1"), newBlock.Hash); err != nil {
+			log.Panic(err)
+		}
+		bc.tip = newBlock.Hash
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (bc *Blockchain) Iterator() *BlockchainIterator {
+	bci := &BlockchainIterator{bc.tip, bc.db}
+	return bci
+}
+
+func (bci *BlockchainIterator) Next() *Block {
+	var block *Block
+
+	err := bci.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
+		b := tx.Bucket([]byte(blocksBucket))
+		encodedBlock := b.Get(bci.currentHash)
+		block = DeserializeBlock(encodedBlock)
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+
+	bci.currentHash = block.PrevBlockHash
+	return block
 }

cli.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type CLI struct {
+	bc *Blockchain
+}
+
+func (cli *CLI) printUsage() {
+	fmt.Println("Usage:")
+	fmt.Println("\taddblock -data BLOCK_DATA\tadd a block to the blockchain")
+	fmt.Println("\tprintchain\t\t\tprint all the blocks of the blockchain")
+}
+
+func (cli *CLI) validateArgs() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		cli.printUsage()
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func (cli *CLI) Run() {
+	cli.validateArgs()
+
+	// Valid CLI flags
+	addBlockCmd := flag.NewFlagSet("addblock", flag.ExitOnError)
+	printChainCmd := flag.NewFlagSet("printchain", flag.ExitOnError)
+	// CLI Flag Data
+	addBlockData := addBlockCmd.String("data", "", "Block data")
+
+	switch os.Args[1] {
+	case "addblock":
+		addBlockCmd.Parse(os.Args[2:])
+	case "printchain":
+		printChainCmd.Parse(os.Args[2:])
+	default:
+		cli.printUsage()
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if addBlockCmd.Parsed() {
+		if *addBlockData == "" {
+			addBlockCmd.Usage()
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		cli.addBlock(*addBlockData)
+	}
+
+	if printChainCmd.Parsed() {
+		cli.printChain()
+	}
+}
+
+func (cli *CLI) addBlock(data string) {
+	cli.bc.AddBlock(data)
+	fmt.Println("Success!")
+}
+
+func (cli *CLI) printChain() {
+	bci := cli.bc.Iterator()
+	for {
+		block := bci.Next()
+		fmt.Printf("Prev. hash: %x\n", block.PrevBlockHash)
+		fmt.Printf("Data: %s\n", block.Data)
+		fmt.Printf("Hash: %x\n", block.Hash)
+		pow := NewProofOfWork(block)
+		fmt.Printf("PoW: %s\n", strconv.FormatBool(pow.Validate()))
+		fmt.Println()
+
+		if len(block.PrevBlockHash) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}

main.go

@@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
-
 func main() {
 	bc := NewBlockchain()
-	bc.AddBlock("Data 1")
+	defer bc.db.Close()
-	bc.AddBlock("Data 2")
 
-	for _, block := range bc.blocks {
+	cli := CLI{bc}
-		fmt.Printf("Prev. hash: %x\n", block.PrevBlockHash)
+	cli.Run()
-		fmt.Printf("Data: %s\n", block.Data)
-		fmt.Printf("Hash: %x\n", block.Hash)
-		fmt.Println()
-	}
 }

proof.go

@@ -58,3 +58,14 @@ func (pow *ProofOfWork) Run() (int, []byte) {
 	fmt.Print("\n\n")
 	return nonce, hash[:]
 }
+
+func (pow *ProofOfWork) Validate() bool {
+	var hashInt big.Int
+
+	data := pow.prepareData(pow.block.Nonce)
+	hash := sha256.Sum256(data)
+	hashInt.SetBytes(hash[:])
+
+	isValid := hashInt.Cmp(pow.target) == -1
+	return isValid
+}