Advent of Code

--- Day 8: Memory Maneuver ---

   The sleigh is much easier to pull than you'd expect for something its
   weight. Unfortunately, neither you nor the Elves know which way the North
   Pole is from here.

   You check your wrist device for anything that might help. It seems to have
   some kind of navigation system! Activating the navigation system produces
   more bad news: "Failed to start navigation system. Could not read software
   license file."

   The navigation system's license file consists of a list of numbers (your
   puzzle input). The numbers define a data structure which, when processed,
   produces some kind of tree that can be used to calculate the license number.

   The tree is made up of nodes; a single, outermost node forms the tree's
   root, and it contains all other nodes in the tree (or contains nodes that
   contain nodes, and so on).

   Specifically, a node consists of:

     * A header, which is always exactly two numbers:

          * The quantity of child nodes. * The quantity of metadata entries.

     * Zero or more child nodes (as specified in the header). * One or more
     metadata entries (as specified in the header).

   Each child node is itself a node that has its own header, child nodes, and
   metadata. For example:

 2 3 0 3 10 11 12 1 1 0 1 99 2 1 1 2
 A----------------------------------
     B----------- C-----------
                      D-----

   In this example, each node of the tree is also marked with an underline
   starting with a letter for easier identification. In it, there are four
   nodes:

     * A, which has 2 child nodes (B, C) and 3 metadata entries (1, 1, 2).
     * B, which has 0 child nodes and 3 metadata entries (10, 11, 12).
     * C, which has 1 child node (D) and 1 metadata entry (2).
     * D, which has 0 child nodes and 1 metadata entry (99).

   The first check done on the license file is to simply add up all of the
   metadata entries. In this example, that sum is 1+1+2+10+11+12+2+99=138.

   What is the sum of all metadata entries?

   Your puzzle answer was 36891.

--- Part Two ---

   The second check is slightly more complicated: you need to find the value of
   the root node (A in the example above).

   The value of a node depends on whether it has child nodes.

   If a node has no child nodes, its value is the sum of its metadata entries.
   So, the value of node B is 10+11+12=33, and the value of node D is 99.

   However, if a node does have child nodes, the metadata entries become
   indexes which refer to those child nodes. A metadata entry of 1 refers to
   the first child node, 2 to the second, 3 to the third, and so on. The value
   of this node is the sum of the values of the child nodes referenced by the
   metadata entries. If a referenced child node does not exist, that reference
   is skipped. A child node can be referenced multiple time and counts each
   time it is referenced. A metadata entry of 0 does not refer to any child
   node.

   For example, again using the above nodes:

     * Node C has one metadata entry, 2. Because node C has only one child
     node, 2 references a child node which does not exist, and so the value of
     node C is 0.
     * Node A has three metadata entries: 1, 1, and 2. The 1 references node
     A's first child node, B, and the 2 references node A's second child node,
     C. Because node B has a value of 33 and node C has a value of 0, the value
     of node A is 33+33+0=66.

   So, in this example, the value of the root node is 66.

   What is the value of the root node?

   Your puzzle answer was 20083.

   Both parts of this puzzle are complete! They provide two gold stars: **

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